Reflections for Listening and Communication- myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theReflections for Listening and Verbal Communication. Answer: A case of my utilization of Interpersonal aptitudes with tuning in and verbal correspondence incorporates a discussion between companions where I needed to tune in to the considerations of my buy college papers friends before I could keep my focuses and persuade them viably that my remain regarding the matter was increasingly constructive. I utilized my perusing aptitudes to build up a scholastic report in the last task that I composed. I read a great deal of existing specialists regarding the matter that I was composing on. I apply some weight on summing up specific messages before I can utilize that data and guarantee that I reword a specific data as opposed to utilizing for what it's worth. My perusing aptitudes have consistently helped me in examining existing investigates in the best way. Collaboration aptitudes incorporate the requirement for guaranteeing that the investment and commitment of each colleague is recognized during an introduction. It additionally involves the requirement for allowing a chance to each colleague to introduce their commitments and contemplations on a given subject. I can review the low certainty of one of my colleagues in giving the introduction on his parts. Thus, I utilized my relational abilities, to comprehend his trepidation and persuaded him to check out it in any event once to conquer his anxiety and dread of open talking. I utilized my cooperation aptitudes of elevating the spirits of the group and getting them to partake in a group introduction in class. A case of an appraisal where I needed to pick between my social connections and demonstrable skill. It remembers the interest of data for one of my customers by my companion. In spite of the fact that my companion and his family would profit to a great extent from the data I could give and the organization would not have endured in any way, I would not blend my social and expert life by any means. I would disclose the circumstance to my companion and let him know precisely how I feel. The errand helped me in understanding my ethics better. It helped me in seeing that it is so essential to follow morals in any case all companions will in general underestimate you from time to time. It is ideal to end the sharing of expert data and lay limits to start with itself. The aptitudes that I gained from various societies was the capacity to regard different societies, comprehend the points of view of others and the flexibility to have the option to get touchy towards the solid sentiment of others in a gathering. Social assorted variety can be seen obviously in all aspects of the world. It is a great method to turn into an increasingly sound individual and utilizing the equivalent to enable oneself with better relational abilities that can in the end help the general public and the companions both. I utilized ICT advances by exploring regarding the matter and guaranteeing that I see each subject with profundity before talking about it in detail. A model is the promoting point that falls under the classification of Commerce and Business Administration. The two instances of correspondence and joint effort innovations that were found out incorporate Mobility and Virtual Collaboration. These would help the corporates to provide another guidance to advancement, offer a serious edge to organizations and help them in reducing down expenses to a huge degree. The two significant things that I loved about the Unit was the significance of comprehension and mix of Cultural Diversity in the everyday existence of people and the capacity to comprehend the moral implicit rules in differed situations. I unequivocally accept that this information would help me in improving as an individual by and by and expertly. These elements have additionally made me an increasingly receptive individual and more grounded person who comprehends the importance of morals and regards individuals. The two recommended upgrades for the Unit could be the coordination of procedures or bit by bit presentations of how an individual can improve the perspectives that he/she needs. Another improvement could be the expansion of specific instances of existing pioneers who have utilized the differed aptitudes to improve as an individual. Relating a subject with genuine stories consistently adds a persuasive perspective to the conversation in each unit.

Marketing Swot and Pest Analysis on Aston Martin 2008 Essay Example

Promoting Swot and Pest Analysis on Aston Martin 2008 Essay The current monetary emergency has spread destruction across neighborhood and worldwide markets. There can be a bad situation for question that specific car makers and retailers would likewise experience the ill effects of the fiasco. The vehicle business is a tremendous element that has a few distinct regions, and it is very captivating to perceive how purchaser conduct moves over these sublevels of the car market and how various brands take part in managing the emerging shakiness. Aston Martin is one of the most celebrated UK brands and one of the top marquees for top-end sports vehicles in the whole world. Set up in 1914 by Lionel Martin and Robert Bamford, Aston Martin, has experienced a ton and numerous progressions have happened in its history including the difference in possession a few times most as of late in 2007, which likewise happens to be the company’s best year of deals when it carried 7300 vehicles to the streets. Today the UK vehicle maker gladly involves one of the main situations in the market for extravagance vehicles and appears as though it is intending to extend further from that. With regards to evaluating socio-social factors that decide the outside condition of Aston Martin one needs to comprehend this is an organization that exists on a universal level. It has more than 100 vendors in around thirty nations around the world including the US, Russia, Japan, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, China (Aston Martin Lagonda Ltd). We will compose a custom article test on Marketing Swot and Pest Analysis on Aston Martin 2008 explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Marketing Swot and Pest Analysis on Aston Martin 2008 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Marketing Swot and Pest Analysis on Aston Martin 2008 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Aside from the way that it would be amazingly hard to gather and procedure socio-social data about potential customers in these nations, an organization that manages top-end vehicle producing is positively not focusing on the normal family unit, or any gathering of individuals that can be meant by a typical element other than riches. The level of individuals that have the spending capacity to purchase an Aston Martin is fairly low anyplace around the globe. Purchasers of such vehicles involve the more elevated levels of society in many nations obviously for Aston Martin it would be generally productive to build up a vendor in regions with high centralization of individuals with the capacity and eagerness to spend; case of zones of such potential are Monaco, Kuwait, and Dubai. The Middle East has GDP rates increasing higher than anyplace else on the planet, and CEO Ulrich Bez has considered when building up the company’s future development plan (Bowker 2008, para. ). Mulling over innovation one can see that Aston Martin is somewhat antiquated as far as assembling, by and by that doesn't frustrate their capacity to consolidate discipline in making with imaginative methodology and inventiveness. These days vehicle building is part among mechanical and electronic designing. Aston Martin accentuates on the utilization of physical work to take care of business, though their partners from Porsche depend on the exactness of PCs in the ge t together of their vehicles. Obviously Aston Martin endeavors to use each unit of contribution to request to make flawlessness as a last item. Their vehicles speak to a magnificent mix of legacy and development as far as structure and vision, and furthermore exceed expectations with regards to execution out and about. Irrefutably Aston Martin’s central station at Gaydon in the UK is one of the best vehicle creation offices on the planet. At Gaydon Aston Martins are being amassed physically a tiny bit at a time to make a showstopper (Aston Martin Lagonda Limited). The â€Å"heart† of each vehicle is its motor, and motors for Aston Martins are essentially V8 and V12, which are altogether results of the particular Niehl Engine Plant that was work during the Ford system in Cologne, Germany. By and by Aston Martin motors are as yet being created at the processing plant in Cologne; in any case, late updates on an arrangement between Mercedes-Benz and Aston Martin (Kacher 2008) has caused theories about the utilization of Mercedes-fabricated motors in the new Astons, which would be an overhaul for the British vehicle producer. Among the significant casualties of the monetary calamity right now is the vehicle advertise. The emergency exacerbates is apparent; figures for the UK in October 2008, generally one of the two busiest months on the schedule for vehicle buys, are somewhere near 21% in contrast with the earlier year (Pollard 2008). Notwithstanding, it appears that some vehicle organizations have picked up bit of leeway of the current monetary circumstance. Present economic situations are gainful for organizations that offer lightweight vehicles with little, eco-friendly motors, for example, Smart, which has dramatically increased its deals with an ascent of 105% in 2008 contrasted with last year’s (Pollard 2008). Aston Martin then again has endured a 26% fall in its business, year-to year figures dropping from a sum of 1978 deals up until last year’s November to 1479 units up until that month in the current year (Moody 2008 p. 44). As desolate as the circumstance would appears for Aston Martin it is the equivalent for their immediate rival Bentley, which is encountering a similar decrease in deals. The UK Car showcase is in its most noticeably terrible condition since 1966 (Pollard 2008). The current circumstance presents a phenomenal log jam contrasted with the significant ascent of vehicle deals in the previous quite a long while. The credit crunch has viably injured the whole European vehicle showcase barring just a couple of nations. â€Å"Warwickshire vehicle producer Aston Martin is experiencing the financial downturn however is wanting to counterbalance shortcoming in the UK and United States with greater deals in developing markets †with the Middle East a key objective. † (Bowker 2008, para. 1). The stagnation that has held onto Europe by and by in regards to car market might be the motivation behind why Aston Martin’s CEO Ulrich Bez has chosen to move the focal point of the company’s future development plans towards the Middle East market where the circumstance looks significantly better. In any case, that isn't the main alternative for Aston Martin. Going further east China and India’s economies are experiencing such quick advancement that is unrivaled by nothing before it. There are unquestionably a lot more markets for Aston Martin to investigate and conceivably abuse. A portion of the challenges that Aston Martin should look in the years to come are the guidelines that the EU is forcing on CO2 discharges for vehicles. As of now a few EU bodies are battling to arrive at an agreement with respect to this issue. The plan that is directly proposed states that by 2012 all vehicle making organizations need to start effective decrease in the discharge of CO2 from their items all together for all recently fabricated vehicles to arrive at a characteristic of 130 grams of CO2 for every kilometer constantly of 2015 and apparently a limit of 95g/km of CO2 is the objective for 2020 (ClimateBiz 2008). These figures are very upsetting for organizations, for example, Aston Martin. Their vehicles are top-end extravagance sports vehicles that surpass on normal the 2015 most extreme by around multiple times. The DBS for instance has CO2 emanation of roughly 388g/km (Pepper 2008). Despite the fact that there are wild discussions occurring in the European Parliament with respect to the decrease of CO2 discharges, it is sure that vehicle makers should bring down the carbon dioxide debilitates from their motors. Going to the inner promoting condition that Aston Martin works in one must recognize that the objective client for the organization isn't using any and all means a normal individual. Cost is an imperative factor with regards to characterizing buyer conduct, and Aston Martin knows about that reality, that is the reason they offer fundamental models of their vehicles at costs a ton lower than the ones of the exceptional models. Individuals purchasing an Aston Martin can browse a wide scope of embellishments and particulars to go in their vehicles, which implies that the value range additionally vacillates. The most minimal cost for another volume-created Aston Martin in the present market is ? 83 194 for the Aston Martin Vantage model (Pepper 2008), which is as yet a huge measure of cash. By and by, a lovely item, for example, Aston Martin groups as an extravagance decent that is intended to suit a refined taste. A purchaser of an Aston Martin would pick such a vehicle to coordinate his way of life, to fulfill his own wants, not needs. On the off chance that we could apply the Maslow’s pecking order pyramid to the case with an individual purchasing an Aston Martin we would anticipate that this individual should fulfill one of the more elevated levels of the pyramid with such a buy, though a Toyota Corolla or a Volkswagen Golf for instance would be a need for one of the lower stages. On the off chance that we could make a profile for the normal Aston Martin purchaser we would get a male, most likely single with fondness for extravagance and feeling of style, and obviously having the cash-flow to manage the cost of an Aston Martin. By and by, changes in shopper request do influence Aston Martin also, so the UK vehicle brand will make changes in its creation line. Among the company’s new undertakings for 2009 is the Rapide, which will be a totally new individual from the Aston Martin vehicle family not the standard two-entryway, two-seats drive, however rather it will be a cantina vehicle. The new Rapide will offer more space, which was the significant viewpoint that all past Aston Martin models were inadequate. This is unmistakably an endeavor by Aston Martin to make its entrance into another area of the vehicle business by offering its customer greater utility. There is a high possibility that market may witne

Oprah Winfrey is a leader essays

Oprah Winfrey is a pioneer expositions Oprah Winfrey is undoughtably an unrivaled pioneer. She experienced numerous extreme occasions for an amazing duration and came out decidedly. Much the same as may different pioneers today. Oprah additionally had a charming life. That is the reason I picker her for a twentieth century pioneer. Undoughtably Oprah is a prevalent pioneer since she experienced numerous intense occasions and she never surrendered. At the point when she was youthful, her family members explicitly manhandled her. She didnt surrender however and to me that is the thing that I think makes her a decent pioneer. In any event, something as sad as that, she didn't surrender. Rather she moved and exceeded expectations in school. She made passing marks and grants to the University of Tennessee. She is a very smart individual with a mindful heart. Any pioneer must be shrewd. Oprah is likewise a mindful individual however she can keep up her initiative characteristics even while she wants to think about it. Oprah is additionally a decent pioneer since when she was explicitly manhandled she transformed the negative vitality into positive vitality by exceeding expectations in school. Oprah likewise set objectives and accomplished them. Oprah lost a great deal of weight when she initially began her TV appear. She shed 90 pounds and accomplished her objective. All pioneers need to set objectives and do what ever it takes to accomplish them. Oprah likewise has had a ton of regard from the entirety of the superb things she has done. All pioneer need regard from their supporters. On the off chance that you dont have regard individuals wont tune in and follow the pioneer. Oprah has additionally helped numerous individuals all through her lifetime. Oprah has been an anchor person, entertainer, and TV film maker. So you know shes ready to attempt knew things and is equipped for learning new things. A pioneer is continually learning new things and is facing challenges by learning the occupations. On the off chance that you find another line of work you have the danger of not learning the activity right and getting terminated. In any case, Oprah took in her occupations and exceeded expectations in them, much the same as she did in school. Oprah is likewise an incredibly decent open speaker. Inde ed ... <!

Need for speed Essay

The craving to enhance and to improve is one of the most valuable human emotions since it is this exact same want that has cleared the street to advance in the public eye. At the beginning, the primary trains were helpful however not proficient enough that individuals could ride on them: just merchandise and wares could be moved. One reason for what reason is on the grounds that security and solace weren’t a top need for the railroad proprietor; the person simply needed to boost their benefit. At that point, James Watt and his steam motor came to fruition and shook the world into the Industrial Revolution, when railways were continually being assembled all over Europe. Urban communities developed, economies blasted and busted, and economies and societies became interwoven with the goal that a private company man who lives in Lille, France or Barcelona, Spain needed to make a trip to Ukraine or Italy for a business bargain as fast as could reasonably be expected (as fast as conceivable since now, rather than the loose and laid back past, time is cash). So designs were expected to devise a train that could go at quick speeds while keeping vitality utilization as low as could reasonably be expected. The Japanese began the race for quicker fast trains with their â€Å"bullet trains†, the French countered with the TGV, and numerous different organizations came out with their own rapid trains: Acela, Eurostar, and the Shinkansen, among others [3]. The expansion in rivalry profited the buyer, the individual expecting to get over the mainland since now the person in question had a decision between various trains, each known for a particular convenience. For instance, TGV was an electric train so the vitality utilization of the trains is exceptionally low. Notwithstanding, it is minimal noisier than different lines so the exchange off is abstract to the person’s taste. Inevitably, all the train lines would attempt to adjust vitality utilization, wellbeing, speed, and solace so as to give the smoothest trip they might offer. [4] generally, streamlined features is the association of air on an item [7]. On account of rapid trains, the optimal design of the train relies upon numerous elements: â€Å"aerodynamic drag, pressure varieties inside train, train-initiated iâ ¬ow, cross-wind impacts, ground impacts, pressure waves inside passage, drive waves at the exit of passage, commotion and vibration†. [8] Ultimately, discovering answers for these issues will bring about a quicker and smoother train ride, so it gets basic to distinguish the elements that influence every one of these so one can control them, if conceivable, to one’s requirements. Notwithstanding, having such a significant number of variables that influence the streamlined features of a train, one can genuinely start to perceive how complex this issue is for engineers since each change made to the train or the tracks could cost the organizations claiming them an enormous measure of cash for even the littlest of changes. In particular, the development of the rapid train has altered significant distance ground transportation since it has given individuals an a lot quicker approach to travel, now and again cutting a seven hour long outing to three hours! In any case, to lessen such an outing so remarkably, the way from city to city (in this spot Boston to Washington D. C. ) must be as immediate as conceivable [2]. This implies now and again a passage must be worked through a mountain to consider a rapid train to go through the mountain and get to its goal as fast as could be expected under the circumstances. As far as rapid trains, there are a wide range of types, each with its points of interest and impediments. For instance, the world eminence TGV It has gigantic favorable position in that it can utilize a similar railroad lines as neighborhood prepares so the expense of making railroad tracks is decreased. Be that as it may, one of the burdens is that utilizing these equivalent train tracks, only the negligible certainty that the TGV utilizes indistinguishable tracks from nearby trains implies that as far as possible the size and determinations of neighborhood trains in light of the fact that the wake of the TGV causes an air stream that influences the trains behind it. [1] [2] as far as what the future has available, trains haven’t even began to arrive at their cutoff. From normal train to the rapid train, the speed was expanded. The TGV is a conspicuous case of this progress given that it broke the record for the fasted train, maximizing at 357 mph. The subsequent stage is along the lines of the Japanese Maglev; removing grating from the condition, the Maglev can incredibly decrease the drag and the vibration in the train, hence making the train that a lot quicker. Within a reasonable time-frame, there is an idea that would take the Maglev well beyond its accomplishments up until this point: a â€Å"evacuated tube† is a gigantic vacuum in a cylinder extending for a significant distance and miles. Strikingly, if this technique is structured and works, it might possibly receive the rewards since the start. This happens in light of the fact that air drag takes such a lot of vitality out of the framework (the framework being characterized as the train) that limiting it to an immaterial level could quickly spare tons of dollars [8] [9]. Then again, there are changes that have been made to the train itself as opposed to the earth encompassing it. The Japanese Hayabusa’s nose is calculated and smooth so it can kill burrow blast, the sound of a train leaving a passage. Passage blast is brought about by a quick train pressurizing the air before it as it experiences a passage until it comes out of the passage with the pressurized air and makes an exceptionally uproarious sound. Prepares in the past had a littler passage blast that happened directly before the train left the passage (the sound of a train originating from inside a passage); in any case, since the trains are that a lot quicker, they make up for lost time to the pressurized air and come out together, making useful impedance, to make a greater sound [5]. Besides, the French Alstrom built up an updated TGV called the AGV. What was fascinating about how the French redesigned the TGV is that they took the force arrangement of the TGV and totally changed it; presently it has the limit of creating higher paces at a small amount of the first TGV vitality utilization. Don’t overlook that the TGV was structured as an electric train, so to have a force framework that can accomplish more with less vitality is a colossal headway! all in all, the reality remains that the quick paced society of today has equipped individuals to need to do everything all the more rapidly. Following this line of reasoning, it bodes well that fast trains are the future in transportation. From the beginning of time, individuals have demonstrated a need, a requirement for speed. Works Cited [1] Fox News. Related Press. http://www. foxnews. com/story/0,2933,263542,00.html (got to July fifteenth, 2012) [2] Plumer, Brad. The Washington Post. http://www. washingtonpost. com/web journals/ezra-klein/wp/2012/07/16/amtraks-151-billion-rapid rail-plan-are-there-less expensive choices/(got to July fifteenth, 2012) [3] European Railway Server. TGVweb. http://www. trainweb. organization/tgvpages/history. html(accessed July seventeenth, 2012) [4] http://www. buzzle. com/articles/focal points and-disservices of-maglev-trains. html [5] Railway-Technology. com. On Track. http://www. railroad innovation. com/highlights/feature117829/(got to July fifteenth, 2012). [6] James, Randy. Time U. S. http://www. time. com/time/country/article/0,8599,1892463,00. html (got to July sixteenth, 2012) [7] Bopp, Rudolf; Hagenah, Bernd. Gruner. http://www. gruner-gmbh. at/aktuelles_gmbh_at/pdf_pool/D_HAB_Porto. pdf [8] Raghunathan, Raghu S. ; Setoguchi, T. Progress in Aerospace Sciences. Streamlined features of fast railroad train http://ompldr. organization/vMXlsOA/Aerodynamics_HSR02. pdf [9] Hoffman, Carl. Popsci: Trans-Atlantic Maglev. http://www. popsci. com/scitech/article/2004-04/trans-atlantic-maglev.

Back

Back I cant believe winter break is over. My time spent on vacation flew by ridiculously fast, and now, I find myself back on campus, wondering where the last two weeks went and getting excited about IAP :) As Jenny mentioned in her entry, IAP 2010 is about to begin! People are doing all sorts of cool things: one of my floormates is studying abroad in Madrid, another is implementing a project in the Philippines, and yet another is in India, having clinched an externship there. Though I wont be traveling abroad like the aforementioned individuals, my first IAP still promises to be interesting. Ill be taking the EMT class offered by MIT-EMS, through which Ill learn about everything it takes to be an Emergency Medical Technician. The class is intense: Monday Thursday, 9 am 6 pm (with a one hour break for lunch), and Friday, 9 am 12 pm. The training consists of lectures, readings, and labs, designed to equip trainees with the knowledge and practice required to respond to any medical emergency. The class begins tomorrow; Im pretty excited about it! Aside from the EMT program, Ill also be doing a little research in MITs Early Childhood Cognition Lab. One of the great things about doing research at the ECCL is that I can set my own hours, which allows me to work around EMT. Even better, I dont need to know MATLAB, which is fantastic since I dont know it anyway. I should probably become slightly more MATLAB-proficient soon YAY IAP!!!!!!!!!!!

Back

Back I cant believe winter break is over. My time spent on vacation flew by ridiculously fast, and now, I find myself back on campus, wondering where the last two weeks went and getting excited about IAP :) As Jenny mentioned in her entry, IAP 2010 is about to begin! People are doing all sorts of cool things: one of my floormates is studying abroad in Madrid, another is implementing a project in the Philippines, and yet another is in India, having clinched an externship there. Though I wont be traveling abroad like the aforementioned individuals, my first IAP still promises to be interesting. Ill be taking the EMT class offered by MIT-EMS, through which Ill learn about everything it takes to be an Emergency Medical Technician. The class is intense: Monday Thursday, 9 am 6 pm (with a one hour break for lunch), and Friday, 9 am 12 pm. The training consists of lectures, readings, and labs, designed to equip trainees with the knowledge and practice required to respond to any medical emergency. The class begins tomorrow; Im pretty excited about it! Aside from the EMT program, Ill also be doing a little research in MITs Early Childhood Cognition Lab. One of the great things about doing research at the ECCL is that I can set my own hours, which allows me to work around EMT. Even better, I dont need to know MATLAB, which is fantastic since I dont know it anyway. I should probably become slightly more MATLAB-proficient soon YAY IAP!!!!!!!!!!!

The Financial Planning Process Essay Examples

The Financial Planning Process Strengths Bill and Jan may have real financial planning problems that they can offset with a better planning approach. However, this consideration would not be possible if they did not have any form of income they could budget their needs and wants on. Based on the $60,000 household they currently have, both Jan and Bill have the potential to budget in a better manner as they are not in deep debt. In such case, the income they bring in from their respective sources is above the average that lower middle class households have and, therefore, they have a better chance of settling their mortgage loans and servicing their car. However, while these are the considerations, the savings they have exceed $3000, but are lower than $4000, which is way above the $5000 they make in a month given the annual income of $60,000. In this case, it is strength to consider that, given the major budgets the two consider, they are able to secure above 50% in savings.

Analysis of The Meeting of Bodhisattvas Essay - 638 Words

Tianna Ferroni! Art 102! Amiko Matsuo! Museum Paper! Meeting of the Bodhisattvas Manjusri and Samantabhadra! ! Bodhisattvas in Buddhist culture are deemed enlightened and are worshiped as deities. Therefore it is logical for one of the biggest Buddhist cultures to have constructed a sculpture in their honor. Created during the Tang Dynasty in 742 by an unknown artist in China, the sculpture â€Å"Meeting of the Bodhisattvas Manjusri and Samantabhadra† pays homage to the bodhisattvas Wenshu and Puxian. This sculpture made of limestone is roughly a foot and a half tall, nearly two feet long, and ten inches in depth. Used for spiritual practice, this piece was meant to offer viewers a means of being closer to their bodhisattvas. ! ! This piece†¦show more content†¦The elephant can also correspond to earthiness by the human figures that stand by them, allowing an earth dweller to be so close to a deity. The human to the left is looking up to Wenshu, with an admiring look upon their face. On the back of the elephant to the right is what appears to be a lion. In Chinese culture, lions are a symbol of strength and power and are known guardians to the elite. ! ! At the head of each deity is a very prominent halo. These halos show how each is an enlightened being, elevating their divinity. This can reinforce the idea that viewers would pray to this sculpture to feel more connected to their enlightened bodhisattvas. Between Wenshu and Puxian are seven small figures. They are set in three rows, with two rows of three and a solitary figure atop. Each figure is sitting cross-legged with their arms folded in their laps. The top, individual figure is slightly larger than it’s counterparts. The face has been eroded but viewers can still make out the general shape. It is possible that these seven figures stand for the seven factors of enlightenment. ! ! This image of Wenshu and Puxian sitting in a fearless manner, upon ! elephants is one not likely to be forgotten. Boddisattvas were revered during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) as Buddhism was now dominant and prosperous. This dedicated sculpture does more than just depict Wenshu and Puxian meeting, it allows religious followers to feel moreShow MoreRelatedEnlightening Kibyoshi, Not Just for Children2388 Words   |  10 Pagesmany of the sects differed in some practices and beliefs, the core principles of Buddhism often remained prominent. One core principle from Mahayana Buddhism, one of the main two branches of Buddhism, was the pursuit of becoming a bodhisattva (Andreasen, 4). Bodhisattva was literally a â€Å"Being of Wisdom†, which meant one who is close to achieving enlightenment, or Nirvana, but delays enlightenment in order to help others achieve enlightenment (Wangu, 52). Another core principle of Buddhism was theRead MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 PagesUniversity of Leiden 14 June 2012 Department: Language and Culture of China Course: Visual Political Communication (BA3) Semester: Summer Semester 2011/2012 Lecturer: Florian Schneider Journey to the West A Textual-Visual Discourse Analysis Name: Stefan Ruijsch (Student No. 0620203) Major: Chinese Studies, BA 3 E-mail: s.ruijsch@umail.leidenuniv.nl Phone: 06-48369645 Address: Vrijheidslaan 256, 2321 DP Leiden Word Count: 9,387 Table of Contents pageRead More The Carnal Prayer Mat by Yu Li3331 Words   |  14 Pageslifestyles that they must reject in order attain enlightenment. While The Carnal Prayer Mat is laced with Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist doctrine, this paper aims to understand Buddhist concepts of destiny, karma, and enlightenment through an analysis of representations of masculine ideal beauty in late Imperial China. Vesperus’ and Siddhartha’s parallel life journeys, particularly with respect to experiences in the sexually lascivious, inner feminine spheres, are important in distinguishing theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film My Neighbor Totoro 2176 Words   |  9 Pagesselected scene of the girls meeting Susuwatari, a black creature in the old empty house, I want to illustrate that Miyazaki’s use of a familiar fear from many people’s childhood introduces the audience to a magical and unknown world, but also makes the audience feel the world is familiar and acceptable. The sacredness of nature is presented through a comparison between Japanese religions and ritual practices and the symbols in the film. This section fo cuses first on the analysis of selected scenes thatRead MoreCountry Notebook for South Korea7606 Words   |  31 PagesCountry Notebook for South Korea James Jones Dallas Baptist University Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 Culture Analysis 7 Introduction 7 Brief discussion of the country’s relevant history 7 Geography setting 8 Area Comparative: 9 Land boundaries: 9 Coastline: 9 Climate: 9 Elevation Extremes: 9 Natural Resources: 9 Natural Hazards: 9 Social Institutions 9 Family: 9 Education 10 Literacy Rates 11 Political System 11 Legal System 12 Six Basic Codes

The Issues Of The Nursing Profession - 1693 Words

5/4/2016 The issues of the nursing profession have been inflating across the country, and require immediate solutions to stem this growing tide. Even though nursing has great benefits such as health insurance, great pay, and the fact that you get to help people, nursing has many issues. Some of the issues of the nursing profession include work place violence, short staffing and hazardous environments. Research shows that these issues have been inflating across the country, and require immediate solutions to stem this growing tide. Thesis Statement Even though nursing has great benefits such as health insurance, great pay, and the fact that you get to help people, nursing has many issues. Some of the issues of the nursing profession include work place violence, short staffing and hazardous environments. Research shows that these issues have been inflating across the country, and require immediate solutions to stem this growing tide. I. Work Place violence A. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health defines workplace violence as any physical assault, threatening behavior or verbal abuse occurring in the workplace. B. Violence includes overt and covert behaviors ranging in aggressiveness from verbal harassment to murder. C. Although, there is no federal standard that requires workplace violence protections, some states have sought legislative solutions including mandatory establishment of a comprehensive prevention program for healthcareShow MoreRelatedGender Issues in the Nursing Profession2023 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction - Male nurses make up about 9% of nursing students in both Canada and the United States. Whilst, on the one hand, the circumstance of male nurses seems to be growing, on the other hand, it is not growing too rapidly and, at the same time, attrition is taking place so that more male nurses are leaving the nursing field that are entering it (Stott, 2007). This is astonishing particularly given the fact that males who enter nursing are given more opportunity than females and open to lucrativeRead MoreThe Most Important Issues in the Nursing Profession1915 Words   |  8 PagesThe most important issues in the nursing profession Introduction There are many issues that nurses faces currently, but the three major ones are Mandatory Nursing Overtime, Legislatively Mandating Staffing Ratios is good for patient care and nursing, and Transforming Nursing Education. These issues are major because they touch on all the nurses and they are the same in the whole country. Having a mandatory nursing overtime is a major issue since nurses are forced to work even when they are fatiguedRead MoreImportant Issues Facing the Profession of Nursing Today1561 Words   |  6 PagesMost Important Issues in the Profession of Nursing Today Introduction In the medical fraternity, nurses make up the largest healthcare profession. The care of patients depends on the well-being of the nurses, and issues affecting them may affect patients, directly or indirectly. As a profession, nursing, can be both an extremely rewarding and challenging activity. A number of problems exist, and most are becoming worse because of lack of lack of mechanisms to address these issues. The three greatestRead MoreAn Ethical Issue in the Nursing Profession: Case Analysis1806 Words   |  7 Pagesone of the registered nurses you are working with is under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Discuss this professional and ethical issue and what you will do. In the nursing profession, likewise in any other medical profession, clinical experience has always and will always be integrated into the core teachings of nursing practices. This really prepares the nursing students to distinguish between the major differences in theoretical teaching, devoid of critical think and practical situations thatRead MoreThe Image of Nursing Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesNursing is basically a scientific profession with a widespread vision, where nurses care for the physical needs of the people at the same time satisfies their emotional, psychological, and intellectual as well as social and spiritual demands. These Nurses though get professional training but apart from professional training and experiences, a good nurse possess high humanistic quality and has in depth understanding of not only the psychology of her/his patients but also proves to be very soft andRead MoreThe Barriers Of Professionalism : A Discussion Of The Contributing Factors1743 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many barriers in the nursing profession. The many factors that contribute to these limitations have been noticed for centuries, such as the educational standards which were set forth by Isabel Hampton Robb in 1893. Robb set the standards of nursing education and formalized a curriculum (Black, 2014). Today we face several challenges and educational barriers. An important concept within the nursing profession that affects many is the issue of education. Nursing achievements and requirementsRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Nurses Association1469 Words   |  6 Pagespersonnel such as the nursing aides and also to conduct research in support of improved practice and patient outcomes (ANA, Accessed on 8/1/2016). The extent to which the nurses are able to perform these functions in the public health care system of India and for that matter in Kerala is a point of debate. 2.2.3 Nursing Process Nursing process is a deliberate problem-solving approach for meeting people’s health care and nursing needs (Brunner 2010). The steps involved in the nursing process are assessmentRead MoreThe Professional Dimension Of The Nursing Dimensions927 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Nursing Dimension Rameez Zaveri [University] [Date] The ever changing bureaucratic policies, technology and society is significantly influencing the status of occupations in a continuum. According to Pavalko (1971), professions and occupations are not dichotomous concepts. Indeed, the kind of work is much about whether it should be considered as a profession or occupation but more of the â€Å"extent† or the â€Å"degree† in which a work activity can be considered as a profession. The purposeRead MoreShortage Issue in Healthcare Nursing667 Words   |  3 PagesNursing Shortage Issue Healthcare nursing as a profession comprises of a big and various groups of people who have gone through different levels of trainings and education in the United States. This has created a great impact in the US in the sense that not all nurses have had to meet the qualifications needed so as to work in the hospitals. Therefore the few who have managed to work in those hospitals are the ones who are believed to have met the demand of being degree holders. Since this educationalRead More Why Are There So Few Men In Nursing? Essays1307 Words   |  6 Pagestwenty leading female-dominated professions, registered nurses (RN’s) are the second most occupation that employed women in 2006 ¬. Similar to many traditionally female professions, the percentage of male in nursing is small. In fact, male nurses only comprised eight percent of RN’s in 2008. Although much effort has been made to recruit more men into nursing, many contributing factors have driven them away from t his profession. Those factors include poor nursing image, negative public perception

The History and Evolution of Title Vii and Its Amendments...

a. The history and evolution of Title VII and its amendments (PDA, ADA, Adea). b. The application of Title VII and amendments in the workplace. In 1943 Congress introduced the very first equal employment bill but it failed to pass both houses. Congress for the next twenty years introduced equal employment bills but they were either kicked by committee or died under the threat of Senate filibusters. The failure of these bills were no surprise given the history of discrimination in this country but what was a surprise was the success of the equal employment provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Before the assignation of President John F. Kennedy in 1963, he supported Title VII which was part of a broad program of the†¦show more content†¦According to The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (n.d.), â€Å"The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) protects individuals 40 years of age or older from employment discrimination based on their age and it applies to both job applicants and employees. With regards to condition, any term or privilege of employment, it is against the law under the ADEA to discriminate against a person because of his/her age which includes layoff promotion, compensation, hiring, firing, training, job assignments and benefits. It is also unlawful for an employer to discriminate against anyone for opposing employment practices that discriminate based on age or for filing as age discrimination charge, testifying or participating in an in an investigation proceeding or litigation under the ADEA† (para.1). â€Å"Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Title I does not allow any private employers, local, and state governments, labor unions and employment agencies from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities in job application procedures, firing, hiring, job training, advancement and other terms, privileges, and conditions of employment† (The U.S. Equal Employment OpportunityShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages44 Information Sources 44 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 62 The Civil Rights Act of 1991 63 The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 63 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 64 Relevant Executive Orders 64 vii WORKPLACE ISSUES: HRM Certification 44 Is a Career in HRM for Me? 45 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Purposely Distorting Information 46 Does HRM Really Matter? 46 HR Trends and Opportunities 47 Outsourcing 47 Professional Employer Organization (PEO) 47 Shared

Understanding The Intricacies Of Ministry - 1231 Words

A Practical Approach to Understanding the Intricacies of Ministry For the things we have to learn before we can do them, we learn by doing them. - Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics Like any other profession, the call to ministry requires intense preparation. In fact, the process of personal and professional development of clerical leaders demands the necessary interplay between theory and praxis. Certainly, while courses in exegesis, ethics, systematic theology and critical interpretation among others are designed to expand the theoretical, supervised ministry transports the budding theologian directly into the practical realm of ministry through practice . Over the course of the semester I have gleaned valuable insights through baptism by emersion into the often-unseen realities that shape ministry within the context of local congregations. Often the external structures visible to members of the laity do not accurately reveal the internal elements of planning, organizing, and coordination required for effective ministry. Certainly, my experience has reaffirmed the notion that ministry can be demanding. In other words, I have come to the conclusion that the call to ministry is a call to challenging, yet meaningful work. At the very onset of the supervised ministry process, I relished the opportunity to increase my understanding of the life, and work, of the 21st century minister, I had a myriad of questions concerning issues such as the daily demands on the minister’sShow MoreRelatedMy Goals And Future Plans1536 Words   |  7 Pagesrequired logical thinking, and this was the very reason it had conquered a portion of my mind. Pu rsuing science was everything I ever wanted. In spite of getting a good rank in the All India Engineering Entrance Exam, I chose to reap an in depth understanding in science even when I had to stay 3000 miles away from home. I am an undergraduate student, currently in the final year of a 5-year Integrated BS-MS program at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM)Read MoreThe Socio Ecological Model Of Childhood Obesity Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages A geographical perspective can facilitate better understanding of how everyday lived environments are complicit in producing higher rates of obesity and its associated diseases among New Zealanders, particularly in children. Childhood obesity is widely regarded as a significant health concern in New Zealand (NZ), owing to its growing national prevalence, its links to long term ill-health, and high economic burden on the health system. A socio-ecological model can be used to demonstrate how environmentsRead MoreLanguage Is A Building Block For Success2137 Words   |  9 Pagescurriculum. Becoming literate is undeniably a critical achievement in today’s society and not only focuses on a child’s ability to read and write but rather their capacity to apply certain skills and knowledge to effectively comprehend and communicate intricacies within the world. The process of reading is multifaceted, which only develops through explicit instruction and practice. Learners must develop a solid foundation of literacy knowledge, which will allow for automaticity and fluency in reading andRead MoreI Want to Graduate as a Civil Engineer1156 Words   |  5 Pagesabout how things were shaped in the world. When I visited towns and cities I was always stuck staring at physical structures – be it an ancient monument or a daunting skyscraper. Fortunately, I had patient members in my family who explained the intricacies that ensured my interest only deepened. The person who inspired me to the world of civil engineering was my uncle who showed me intricate drawings from his office and liked my inquisitive nature. In addition to my school related commitments, I participatedRead MoreOperation Eagle Claw : A Learning Experience1561 Words   |  7 PagesOperation Eagle Claw – A Learning Experience In order to gain a thorough understanding of Operation Eagle Claw, it is imperative to account for the historical context which governed the military at the time. Induced by public opinion and the economic state of the United States proceeding the Vietnam War, dramatic reductions in appropriations and personnel plagued the Department of Defense. Consequently, in the midst of the Iranian Hostage Crisis, the United States military was labeled as a â€Å"hollowRead MoreThe Effects Of Public Safety On Our Nation On 9 / 111644 Words   |  7 Pagesto create more teamwork amongst what many consider to be a decentralized organization. When the Bush Administration saw our overall issue with working together to deter terrorism, and discuss ways of helping the public safety organization, other ministries and governments around the world to help with the expansion and better communication sharing. Prezelj (2015, p. 22) states that subsequent comparative analysis of national counter-terrorism practices showed that by 2005 14 out of 27 EU countriesRead MoreA Leadership Development Of The Church Essay2277 Words   |  10 Pagesintentional development must take place. Trust is another hurdle in the conviction and sustainability of a leadership pipeline. As much as the pastoral staff must be open-handed, those in positions of leadership now must not tightly grip their places of ministry and influence. At the heart of vulnerability lies the willingness of people to abandon their pride and their fear, to sacrifice their egos for the collective good of the team. As Lencioni writes the previous statement about teams, the principleRead MoreWired For Intimacy : How Pornography Hijacks The Male Brain2091 Words   |  9 Pagesmajor impact on the way men look at women. Many authors and scholars present pornography as a spiritual matter, but Struthers thinks the matter at hand is also a physical problem. â€Å"Pornography is also a physical matter, rooted in the biological intricacies of our sexual desire.† (15) The purpose of the book is to look into the physical impact of porn. The book is broken into two different sections. The first section looks at the male brain on porn. It opens this section by attempting to defend pornRead MoreWomen At The Un Peacekeeping Operations3604 Words   |  15 Pagespartaking. Pivotal words: UN Peacekeeping operations, ladies, security, UNSC Resolution 1325. Presentation All through more than sixty year long history of peacekeeping operations under the protection of the United Nations (UN), their number and intricacy have been always expanding. Parallel with the augmentation of the peace operations order to peace building, furthermore post-clash reproduction, there was an expanding need to contract a more noteworthy number of qualified, experienced and decentlyRead MoreEffects of Staff Training and Development3086 Words   |  13 PagesRESEARCH PROPOSAL TOPIC: EFFECTS OF STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF SECRETARIAL STAFF IN AN ORGANIZATION A Study to be carried out in the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology department of National Council for Science and Technology (NCST) and department of department of Research Management Directorate (DRMD) 0. INTRODUCTION 1. Problem Statement Training is a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledge, sharpening of skills

Theories Explaining Juvenile Crime Essay examples

Theories Explaining Juvenile Crime Many theories, at both the macro and micro level, have been proposed to explain juvenile crime. Some prominent theories include Social Disorganization theory, Differential Social Organization theory, Social Control theory, and Differential Association theory. When determining which theories are more valid, the question must be explored whether people deviate because of what they learn or from how they are controlled? Mercer L. Sullivan’s book, â€Å"Getting Paid† Youth Crime and Work in the Inner City clearly suggests that the learning theories both at the macro level, Differential social organization, and micro level, Differential association theory, are the more accurate of the two types of theory.†¦show more content†¦La Barriada fell in the middle on both categories. This information supports the theory. Ethnicity of the neighborhoods, however, one of the primary reasons for delinquency according to this theory, is not consistent in this study. Projectville, the highest in crime, is the one with the least ethnic heterogeneity, according to Table 6, with 91% black, 3% white and 6% other. La Barriada, with the middle crime rate, was the one with the most heterogeneity: 34% white, 4% black and 62% other. The second theory, Differential Social Organization, was created by Edwin Sutherland. This theory proposes that a group or societal crime rate is determined by the extent to which it is organized in favor of crime versus organized against crime. According to the theory, an organized neighborhood is one that has a strong infrastructure in place to fight and deter crime. Groups that the theory takes into account as being detrimental to crime are the police, schools, families, and other neighborhood groups designed to keep kids out of trouble. Groups considered favorable to crime incl ude the mafia, gangs and other groups that commit crime or encourage other people to commit crime for them. This theory is supported very clearly by the three neighborhoods in the study.Show MoreRelatedAbstract . The Labeling Theory Proposes That Once A Juvenile1582 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The labeling theory proposes that once a juvenile has been labeled a deviant or delinquent they become stigmatized as a criminal, and begin to believe the label or accept it in a self-fulfilling prophecy. Because of these labels, many juveniles continue with their deviant acts because they feel obligated to act out in a negative manner. Sociologists Tannenbaum, Becker, Lement are more interested in the reaction to the crime, not the cause of the crime, and have theorized that once anRead MoreThe Pattern Of Juvenile Delinquency Is Strain Theory1156 Words   |  5 Pages Another relevant theory in regards to the pattern of juvenile delinquency is Strain Theory. In 1938, Robert Merton developed the theory of Strain to describe how social structures within society may pressure citizens (low socioeconomic status) to commit crimes. Merton felt that too much pressure to achieve goals, such as financial well-being, led to behaviors such as selling drugs. Merton’s theory relates to juvenile delinquency in that adolescents might experience overwhelming stress or pressureRead MoreFor the purpose of this research, the proposed theories that will be used are Agnew’s General600 Words   |  3 Pagesresearch, the proposed theories that will be used are Agnew’s General Strain Theory and Labeling Theory. Robert Agnew is one the most recognizable theorist in the criminal justice profession. General Strain Theory is influential very influential with explaining juvenile delinquency. Agnew’s Strain theory is not the main theory of this rese arch but when examining juvenile delinquency as a whole and the beginning it gives an explanation for that not in social science. This theory is used as the basicRead MoreWhy People Commit The Crime Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesCriminological theory is the explanation of criminal behavior, as well as the behavior of juveniles, attorneys, prosecutors, judges, correctional personnel, victims, and other actors in the criminal justice process. Criminological theory is important because most of what is done in criminal justice is based on criminological theory, whether we or the people who propose and implement policies based on the theory know it or not. In criminology, examining why people commit the crime is very importantRead MoreYouth Deviance Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesDeviance is defined as the recognized violation of cultural norms. This is an extremely broad definition, and depending on who is explaining it, the above definition can mean a variety of different things. Cr itically examine the theory of deviance with reference to young people and their membership in deviant subcultures or gangs. Deviance is associated with young people today and is rapidly on the increase within the street and school environment. Young deviants are engaging in gang membershipRead MoreAutomatic Transfer Law: An Effective Policy? 1218 Words   |  5 Pagesa national study of how the juvenile court judge weighs the pertinent Kent criteria. This criterion is based on the potential risk to the community, the maturity of character and amenability to intervention. The purpose of this study is three fold, first to test the juvenile court judges beliefs regarding the mechanics of how juveniles are transferred, second to examine the judges beliefs about the usefulness of data presented of them and third determined how juvenile judges weigh pertinent psychologicalRead MoreWhat Causes Deviance And What Is The Definition Of Deviance859 Words   |  4 PagesIn the field of sociology there are various competing theories that attempt to determine what causes deviance and what is the definition of deviance . In an effort to explain why gang membership exists in today’s society, there is one theory that stands out from the rest: Sutherland’s differential association. Sutherland’s differential association theory explains deviant behavior as something that is â€Å"learned through associations† rather than solely based upon the community that one is fostered inRead MoreFactors Of Sociologist Robert Agnews General Strain Theory996 Words   |  4 PagesOverview Sociologist Robert Agnew introduced the General Strain Theory (GST) in 1992, which argues that strain is the leading factor that causes someone to be delinquent or criminally motived. He categorizes three major types of strain that produces delinquency: the failure to achieve positively valued goals, removal of positively valued stimuli, and the introduction of negatively valued stimuli (Agnew et al., 2002, p. 44). These different forms of strain greatly increase the chances for an individualRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesA juvenile delinquent offense is an act committed by a juvenile for which an adult would be tried at a criminal court. New statistics give an alarming picture: juvenile delinquency is higher as never before. According to the census bureau, in 2008 there were 1,653,000 recorded delinquent offenses in the United States. This is a 23.6% increase from 1990 when 1,337,000 delinquent offenses occurred. Today, a lot of people demand loweri ng the age of criminal responsibility and draconian penalties (JensonRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Bonds1159 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theory of Social Bonds Why do people abide by the rules? Travis Hirshi in 1969, believed that criminal behavior is controlled by societal ties or social bonds. The Social Bond Theory states that humans behave conventional through the power of internalized norms, conscious, and the desire for approval. When the individuals bonds breaks between the family, friends, or school, the individual then becomes free to engage in deviant and or criminal activity. This theory can be broken down into four

Investigating Intercultural Communication Capstone

Question: Discuss about the Investigating Intercultural Communication Capstone. Answer: Introduction The behavior and the work process of the employees in an organization help the company to perform well in the external market (Shields et al. 2015). The employees should be happy and contend while working in the organization. The junior employees and the senior employees should work together so that no problem crops up and act as a barrier in the smooth functioning of the business. Any issue within the workplace should be resolved at the earliest so that it does not pose further threat to the company (O'Rourke 2016). Not only the junior employees but also the senior employees should keep a check on the issues so that the issues do not create bigger problem that will; not only harms the business but might also tarnish the reputation of the company. Issues can crop from various fronts like employee engagement, communication among the employees, recruitment process or leadership styles. One Stop is a retail chain that is operating in the market of Australia. It is a mid-level of organization with around 200 staffs working for the company. Recently, some issues related to the management of the employees have cropped up in One Stop. The report will look into vacuous issues that One Stop is facing currently. The report will then discuss the theories that could be applied in such situation to tackle the issues in the organization. Even though the theoeis may not be applied in the practical environment, yet it will provide a base for the solution in the organization. Based on the theories, certain strategies will be made in the organization. Finally, the strategies that could be implemented in the organization tackle the issues will be discussed. It is expected that the strategies will help One Stop to perform in a better manner by resolving the issues. Identification of the issue Different issues that have been identified in the One Stop are regarding the human resource management. In some instances, the employees are not happy with the organization and in some instances, the senior managers are at fault. Holding the junior employees accountable The first issue that has been found out in the marketing department. The marketing department is the face of the organization (Nahavandi 2016). They represent the organizations as well as bring business for the organizations (Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee 2013). As a result, the senior manager of that department should be able to handle the employees so that they are able to perform their business well (Fairhurst and Connaughton 2014). However, the manager of the marketing department does not perform, as he should do in the company. The main problem of the manager was that the individual held the junior employees responsible for any issue in the department. At times, the new recruits were held responsible for doing any mistake. It might happen that the senior manager is not meeting the clients. It is the job of the junior employees to meet the clients and carry out the promotional activities (Tourish 2014). If the junior employees were not performing well, it would have been the job of the senior manger to look after their work (Renz 2016). If the senior manager holds the junior employees responsible for not doing the job without giving him any training, then it would not only result in under development of the employees but also the business of the organization will also reduce (Chemers 2014). Lack of non-verbal communication Carrying out non-verbal communication in the organization is not into practice in the departmental level of One Stop. When the CEO of the company or the directors has to communicate, they use mails to talk about the problem or give information. The senior managers of every department get to know about the information or problems with the help of mails. Later, there are meetings that help the senior managers to communicate with the senior managers. However, the senior managers communicate with the junior employees verbally. Moreover, the junior employees also communicate verbally among themselves. There is no use of mail or texts among the senior employees and the junior employees. Even if the junior employee is communicating with the senor employees, they tell the problems verbally. They neither give any information non-verbally nor get any information. As a result, confusion has started occurring in the department. There is no record of any official information that has been transac ted among the employees. Due to the absence of any records, they are facing issues as none of the employees have remembered the context that they have talked about (Bonaccio et al. 2016). When in need of any record, there is nothing in hand that will show that the topic has been discussed among the employees. They could not find any official mail and hence, the issues started getting more complicated rather than being solved. Problem with motivation The best part of the company is that they keep the employees motivated by giving them proper monetary support. They were given benefits in a timely manner and the employees were happy they are paid for the extra job that they do for the organization. The organization mainly stressed on monetary motivation. The employees were being paid for every extra job they did for the company. If they used to work extra either than normal working hours, they used to get paid extra. However, the problem started with the management of the employees, as they became over-dependent on money, which is not normal. The employee eventually were not ready to do anything extra for the organization during the time of emergency, they expected that they would be paid for the work they are doing for the organization. Whenever they came to know that, they are not being paid for the work they did not get interested for that job. They felt that for every single work they do, the management will pay them. Hence, it could be seen that the only engagement that the employee had with the company is through money they do not have any emotional connection with the company nor they think about the well-being of the company and the only the only connection that had is the money that they are getting from the company. Problem with change Changes are being brought suddenly in the organization without notifying the employees properly. The organization implemented change whenever they saw a problem. When there is any change needed to be implemented in the organization, the employees do have any idea about the reason behind the change and the way it has been implemented by the organization made things worse. They came to know about the change only when the change has been implemented in the organization. As a result, they became resistant to changes and did not accept any kind of decision that has been implemented by the company. Analysis to solve the problem The marketing department has faced issues regarding the senior manager of the department. The senior manager held the junior employees accountable for any kind of issue in the department. Hence, there is huge need of training for the manager. The transformational leadership theory could be applied in this situation. The manager should be trained about transformational leadership and they it will help in the development of the organization. A transformational leader thinks about the development of the employees and guides them if they do any kind of mistake while doing their work (Nahavandi 2016). The transformational leader also helps in the growth of the organization by proper management of the employees (Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee 2013). Thus, the senior manager of the marketing department should understand the importance of transformational leadership and implement them so that it not only helps in the development of self and the employees, but the contribution of the transformat ional leader will be remembered by the organization. Solution to change the mode of communication among the employees The communication accommodation theory will be helpful for to make the employees understand the importance of non-verbal communication (Quintanilla and Wahl 2015). There is absence of non-verbal communication among the employees who are at the junior level. They depend on face-to-face communication among themselves. The communication accommodation theory suggests that the people who are communicating with each other should adjust the mode of communication among themselves (Perrin 2015). The senior employees are the ones who can train the employees at the junior level about the importance of non-verbal communication (Keyton et al. 2013). Even if they are communication face-to-face, if there is a need to communicate official information, it should be done over the mail (Jenifer and Raman 2015). Keeping a record of the verbal communication in a non-verbal way is always helpful for proper functioning in the organization (Skovholt, Grnning and Kankaanranta 2014). Solution to tackle the problem of motivation Two types of motivation could be used in an organization (Deci and Ryan 2014). Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation is based on materialistic things that the employees are getting from the organization (Chen et al. 2013). If they do something good, they receive something like money or some other things from the company. When on one hand, the employees perform well for the materialistic gains, on the other hand, the only relationship that the employees will have with the organization is based on money (Mustapha 2014). If there is any emergency, the employees might not be ready to help the company as they would not receive anything intern of their service (Vanthournout et al. 2014). Hence, there is a need of intrinsic motivation that should be embedded among the employees. Intrinsic motivation will help in developing a connection between the employee and the organization. The intrinsic motivation can be explained from Herzbergs theory of motivation (Guilln, Ferrero and Hoffman 2015). According to the theory, there are two types of motivational factors (Bernadette van Rijn, Yang and Sanders 2013). Motivator factors Hygiene factors The employees at One Stop enjoy ample of hygiene factors like benefits, incentives and timely salary. Hence, they should know how to connect to the organization. With the help of hygiene factors, the intrinsic motivation could be enhanced like giving the employees recognition other than just giving them money. It will help the organization to increase the intrinsic motivation and eventually, it will result in decrease in dependency in money. In addition to this, looking after the health and well-being of the employees will also make them feel that the company is thinking about them and eventually they will start thinking about the betterment of the company (Deci and Ryan 2014). Solution to handle the issues of change management To solve the issues that the organization is facing regarding change management, One Stop can make us of the Kotters Eight Steps of Change model. As the name suggest, the model consists of eight steps: Increase urgency Build the guiding team Get the right vision Communicate for buy-in Empower action Create short wins Do not let up Make it stick The main idea is in the initial step that could be suggested to the employer of the organization as far as the situation in One Stop is concerned. The main aim of any change should be the realization (Frankland et al. 2013). The employees should realize the need to change (Mitchell 2013). Urgency should be created among the employees (Lewis, Passmore and Cantore 2016). They should feel that the change would be for the enhancement of business, which will help in the development of the business. Once they understand the reason for the change, they will comply with the organization and will embrace the changes (Pugh 2016). In addition to this, the model suggests that the change should be systematic rather than sudden. The systematic process will help in making the employees believe that the change is happening for their betterment (Hornstein 2015). They will get accustomed to the change gradually and it will be easier for the organization to work in a smoother manner. Strategies to change the behavior of the senior manager As one stop has already faced issues with one manager, chances are high that they might face similar issues with other managers as well. However, once a new manager will be appointed from outside or somebody will be promoted to the senior position, the individual will be given training on the way they are expected to handle the employees. They will be under supervision for one mo nth and if they are unable to show the traits of a transformational leader, then they will be given training. They will be trained about the methods of transformational leadership. In addition to this, the person will be taught the positive side of transformational leadership. Once they will understand that training the employees and not by putting the blame will help them rise, they will eventually follow that path. Strategies to change the mode of communication among the employees The organization will make rule where every decision that are taken in the organization should be communicated with the help of mail or written materials. Any decision that will be taken in the higher department will be communicated to the junior most employee with the help of mail. Eventually, the junior employees will develop the habit of keeping a record of the decisions that have been taken in the organization with the help of mail. There will be lesser confusions in the organization as the information has been communicated among the employees verbally has been transacted non-verbally as well. Strategies to tackle the problem of motivation One Stop will start giving recognition to the employees rather than giving money for every extra job they have done. The organization will start giving titles like employee of the month or employee of the week, and then the employee will get motivated for the title. They will work hard not only for money but for the recognition that they are getting from the company. In addition to this, they can enhance teamwork by giving tile like best team of the month. The employees will understand the value of teamwork and they will think beyond money. On the other hand, the company could implement schemes like employee heath benefits. Working extra will help them get a free appointments at a doctor. The employees will get the feeling that rather than taking just money, the appointment at the doctor will help them stay fit. In addition to this, they will make arrangements for regular checkups of the employees and a gym where they can work out after work. Many employees cannot keep a check on the ir health due to the pressure of private sector jobs. Keeping a gym will help them to keep a check on their heath. As it has been said, the hygiene factors will make the employees feel connected with the organization. The employees will help the company at the time of emergency. Strategies to handle the issues of change management The changes were being introduced randomly and suddenly and that made the employees repel from the change. One Stop will tell about the change at least six months before the change will be implemented. The employees should be given a detailed plan about the change. They should be given a clear idea about the things that they will gain from the change. In addition to this, they should be explained the reason behind the change. Short-term wins will help the employees understand that the change is helping them. They will also understand there is some positive outcome coming from the change. Even after implementation of the change, there should be constant follow with the employees if they are able to perform in the changes environment. It will give an idea that the change is implemented for the good and the business will be enhanced after the change. Conclusion One Stop is mainly into retailing business and after going through the operations of the One Stop, it has been found that the company is suffering from four major management issues. Firstly, the manager of the marketing department is not able to manage the employees properly and blames the junior employees whenever there is an issue. Secondly, there is lack of non-verbal communication. They talk face-to-face but there are no transactions of mails. Thirdly, there is overflow of extrinsic motivation whereas intrinsic motivation is zero. The employees work for the company mainly because they are being paid they do not feel for the company. Finally, change is made randomly in the organization. The employees are not told about any changes and suddenly the change is implemented in the organization. Thus, the employees became repellant to the change. It has been concluded that transformational leadership style should be adhered by the senior manager of the marketing department. One Stop sho uld use communication accommodation theory so that the employees could adjust themselves to the types of communication as per need. They should follow Herzbergs theory of motivation and stress on hygienic factors that will make the employees feel connected with the company. They should Kotters change manage model to implement the change in the organization. The strategy that the organization could apply is to the managers is training about the transformational leadership style. The organization will make a rule that every decision should be communicated non-verbally that is with the help of mail among the employees along with telling them verbally. In this way, there will be important records about the decision and information. The company can give awards like employee of the month or employee of the week and loom after their health by giving health benefit schemes and setting up gym in office. Changes should be communicated to the employees six months before and implement gradually in the organization. In this way, they will get accustomed to the change and will embrace the change. References Bernadette van Rijn, M., Yang, H. and Sanders, K., 2013. Understanding employees' informal workplace learning: The joint influence of career motivation and self-construal.Career development international,18(6), pp.610-628. Bonaccio, S., OReilly, J., OSullivan, S.L. and Chiocchio, F., 2016. Nonverbal Behavior and Communication in the Workplace: A Review and an Agenda for Research.Journal of Management,42(5), pp.1044-1074. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Chemers, M., 2014.An integrative theory of leadership. Psychology Press. Chen, X., Ma, J., Jin, J. and Fosh, P., 2013. Information privacy, gender differences, and intrinsic motivation in the workplace.International Journal of Information Management,33(6), pp.917-926. Deci, E.L. and Ryan, R.M., 2014. The importance of universal psychological needs for understanding motivation in the workplace.The Oxford handbook of work engagement, motivation, and self-determination theory, pp.13-32. Fairhurst, G.T. and Connaughton, S.L., 2014. Leadership: A communicative perspective.Leadership,10(1), pp.7-35. Frankland, R., Mitchell, C.M., Ferguson, J.D., Sziklai, A.T., Verma, A.K., Popowski, J.E. and Sturgeon, D.H., Applications In Internet Time, Llc, 2013.Integrated change management unit. U.S. Patent 8,484,111. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and McKee, A., 2013.Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Guilln, M., Ferrero, I. and Hoffman, W.M., 2015. The neglected ethical and spiritual motivations in the workplace.Journal of business ethics,128(4), pp.803-816. Hornstein, H.A., 2015. The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.291-298. Jenifer, R.D. and Raman, G.P., 2015. Cross-cultural communication barriers in the workplace.Internafional Journal of Management,6(1), pp.348-351. Keyton, J., Caputo, J.M., Ford, E.A., Fu, R., Leibowitz, S.A., Liu, T., Polasik, S.S., Ghosh, P. and Wu, C., 2013. Investigating verbal workplace communication behaviors.The Journal of Business Communication (1973),50(2), pp.152-169. Lewis, S., Passmore, J. and Cantore, S., 2016.Appreciative inquiry for change management: Using AI to facilitate organizational development. Kogan Page Publishers. Mitchell, G., 2013. Selecting the best theory to implement planned change: Improving the workplace requires staff to be involved and innovations to be maintained. Gary Mitchell discusses the theories that can help achieve this.Nursing Management,20(1), pp.32-37. Mustapha, S.A., 2014.Motivation in the workplace: a study on the support group employees of the International Islamic University Malaysia(Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Teknologi MARA). Nahavandi, A., 2016.The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. O'Rourke, M., 2016. Employee management: Get the right start in hiring employees.Ag Decision Maker Newsletter,16(1), p.2. Perrin, D., 2015, August. Investigating intercultural communication in the workplace: applied linguistics as research on, for, and with practitioners. InJACET International Convention Selected Papers Volume 3(p. 26). Pugh, L., 2016.Change management in information services. Routledge. Quintanilla, K.M. and Wahl, S.T., 2015.Business and professional communication: keys for workplace excellence. Sage Publications. Renz, D.O., 2016.The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John Wiley Sons. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Skovholt, K., Grnning, A. and Kankaanranta, A., 2014. The Communicative Functions of Emoticons in Workplace E?Mails::?.Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication,19(4), pp.780-797. Tourish, D., 2014. Leadership, more or less? A processual, communication perspective on the role of agency in leadership theory.Leadership,10(1), pp.79-98. Vanthournout, G., Noyens, D., Gijbels, D. and Van den Bossche, P., 2014. The relationship between workplace climate, motivation and learning approaches for knowledge workers.Vocations and Learning,7(2), pp.191-214.

The Vibrators “Pure Mania” free essay sample

â€Å"Pure Mania† by the Vibrators is an incredibly fun punk album from the ?s that is infinitely underrated. Many people have never heard of the Vibrators, which is a shame since the group is amazing. The Vibrators have a poppier sound than other ?s punk acts but still maintain a raw, rebellious feel. The songs on â€Å"Pure Mania† are mostly upbeat, like the endlessly enjoyable â€Å"Yeah Yeah Yeah† or the energetic â€Å"Whips and Furs.† There are a lot of love songs, but none is sappy or whiny, which is incredibly refreshing. Some hardcore punks might not like the poppy feel, or that there is an anti-drug song on the album (â€Å"Keep It Clean†), but the Vibrators definitely arent prudes, and one listen to this album will prove that. Another nice facet of the Vibrators is that they are musically talented perhaps not virtuosos, but good enough. Somehow they manage to craft catchy, danceable punk rock that is a joy to hear. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vibrators â€Å"Pure Mania† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Any fan of punk rock, or just good rock n roll in general, should buy this album.

Word Essay Samples For College Class

Word Essay Samples For College ClassThe first part of an essay is the introduction to your paper and these word essay samples for college class will help you build that foundation. They come with different styles that allow you to write in the style you feel most comfortable with, whether you are writing about yourself or a topic that you are studying in college.The idea behind writing college essays is to be able to explain why you are learning something and how you learned it. While you will need to use what you have learned in the course, some things will help your overall essay flow better. Many of the essay samples for college class are as close to college essays as possible without actually being a college essay.These sample letters are also very easy to follow. You do not have to have an advanced education or even know English grammar to follow this style of writing. All you need to do is get started and write the basic information you feel will go best in the paper. These sam ples will include general and detailed information on the topic of your paper.When using this style, it can be helpful to choose just one or two ideas that you want to cover. By doing this, you are not bogged down with a large number of details to organize. You only have one topic to focus on and this helps to keep your thoughts organized and on track.It is important to have a place to start with when learning to use the skills you learned in high school or college that are part of your common skills and experiences. For many of these words samples for a college class, you will have to write what you have learned. One of the most effective ways to get started is to list all the topics you are studying in the particular college class.Once you are sure you have covered every aspect of the class, you can then proceed to creating your own college essay. Your personal experience in the subject matter and the way you have developed your own insight will help you create an essay that shows the most appropriate way to approach the subject. This will provide you with ideas and a starting point for your own journey to better understanding of the course you have chosen.These sample letters help to not only create the outline for your paper, but they are also very useful when looking at the various styles you can use to move the topic forward. They can be very effective tools for making your college essay a successful piece of writing.

Legalization Of Marijuana Essays (2524 words) - Drug Culture

Legalization of Marijuana What Is Marijuana Marijuana, a drug obtained from dried and crumpled parts of the ubiquitous hemp plant Canabis sativa (or Cannabis indica). Smoked by rolling in tobacco paper or placing in a pipe. It is also otherwise consumed worldwide by an estimated 200,000,000 persons for pleasure, an escape from reality, or relaxation. Marijuana is known by a variety of names such as kif (Morocco), dagga (South Africa), and bhang (India). Common in the United States, marijuana is called pot, grass, weed, Mary Jane, bones, etc. The main active principle of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol. The potency of its various forms ranges from a weak drink consumed in India to the highly potent hashish. The following consists of pure cannabis resin. Marijuana is not a narcotic and is not mentally or physically addicting drug. One can use mild cannabis preparations such as marijuana in small amounts for years without physical or mental deterioration. Marijuana serves to diminish inhibitions and acts as an euphoriant. Only once in a while will it produce actual hallucinations. More potent preparations of cannabis such as hashish can induce psychedelic experiences identical to those observed after ingestion of potent hallucinogens such as LSD. Some who smoke marijuana feel no effects; others feel relaxed and sociable, tend to laugh a great deal, and have a profound loss of the sense of time. Characteristically, those under the influence of marijuana show incoordination and impaired ability to perform skilled acts. Still others experience a wide range of emotions including feelings of perception, fear, insanity, happiness, love and anger. Although marijuana is not addicting, it may be habituating. The individual may become psychologically rather than physically dependent on the drug. Legalization Of Marijuana Those who urge the legalization of marijuana maintain the drug is entirely safe. The available data suggested, this is not so, Marijuana occasionally produces acute panic reactions or even transient psychoses. Furthermore, a person driving under the influence of marijuana is a danger to themselves and others. If smoked heavily and a great deal of consistency, its use has been clearly associated with mental breakdown. In many persons who smoke chronically, the drug reinforces passivity and reduces goal-directed, constructive activity. The chronic use of pure resin (hashish) has been associated both with mental deterioration and criminality. One of the major complications of marijuana use is the tendency on the part of some users to progress to more dangerous drugs. Users in economically deprived areas usually go on to heroin, whereas more affluent individuals tend to move from marijuana to more potent hallucinogens such as LSD. There is no established medical use for marijuana or any other cannabis preparation. In the United States, its use is a crime and the laws governing marijuana are similar to those regulating heroin. Many authorities now urge that the laws be modified to mitigate the penalties relating to conviction on marijuana possession charges. The Case For Legalizing Marijuana Use The United States stands apart from many nations in its deep respect for the individual. The strong belief in personal freedom appears early in the nation's history. The Declaration of Independence speaks of every citizen's right to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." The Constitution and Bill of Rights go further, making specific guarantees. They forbid the government to make unwarranted entry into dwelling places. They forbid seizure of personal property, except when very clear reasons are approved by the courts. They allow every citizen to remain silent in court when accused of a crime. Legal decisions have extended these rights, so that every citizen may feel safe, secure, and sheltered from public view in the privacy of his or her home. The Right To Privacy In recent years, Americans have referred to privacy as one of the basic human rights, something to be claimed by anyone, anywhere. United States citizens feel strongly about this and often tell other countries that they must honor their people's claims to privacy and personal freedom. Foreign leaders often disagree. They resent what they deem arrogant meddling by the United States. Leaders of the Soviet Union, for example, regard individual privacy as trivial when compared to the needs of the state. If the United States is to be persuasive in promoting freedom in other parts of the world, it must respect the privacy of its own citizens. Sometimes it is hard to do this because what goes on in people's private lives may seem offensive. But, according to U.S. traditions, there is a strong case to be made against legislating the private behavior of adults, so long as that behavior does not in turn violate the rights of others. Some people feel that

Understanding why Athenians were executed essays

Understanding why Athenians were executed essays To understand why the Athenians executed Socrates in 399, one must first take a deeper look into his life. Socrates was born in 469 in Athens, son of the sculptor Sophroniscus and the midwife Phainarete. He belonged to the small Athenian bourgeoisie. He began to work in his fathers workshop. After 421, he married Xanthippe and had three sons. Socrates lived in the period of the war of Peloponnese. He was a brave fighter at Poleidaia, Delion, and at Amphipolis in 422. He showed force, courage and generosity. Throughout his political life, Socrates did not have governmental charges and he never tried to have any. In 405-406, he was a member of the Council of the Five hundred. At the time, Athens was under a democratic government. Socrates was chosen a judge. He was the only one to side against the democratic government that wanted to make summary justice accusing the admirals collectively, like it was established on the contrary by the law. In 408 Athens was under the oligarchical government of the Thirty. Socrates was charged, with four other citizens, to arrest the democratic Lion of Salamis. He thought this was not just and refused to execute it. In Socrates philosophical activity, Cicero asserts that Socrates for the first time made the philosophy come down from the sky and transported it in the cities introducing it also in the houses and forcing it to take care of issues relating life, customs, good and evil. There was a time in Greece when the scholars enjoyed great esteem and encouraged prejudice and obsolete superstitions. These people gave themselves the noble name of Sophists, which due to their name became a repulsive name. They took care of the education of the youth, taught the sciences, arts, moral philosophy, and religion. Difficulties and obstacles stood in Socrates way as he made the great decision, to spread virtue and wisdom among his fellow men. The troubles that Soc...

Public transportation affects on the economy in terms of employment, Essay

Public transportation affects on the economy in terms of employment, wages, and business income in the usa - Essay Example This paper discusses the effects of public transportation services on the economy in terms of employment, wages, and business income in the US. Public transportation generates numerous jobs in US. First, jobs are created through capital investments that take place in the sector, or to support the sector (Economic development Research, 2). This includes the purchase of vehicles and equipments, development of infrastructure, and other supporting facilities. An analysis conducted by Weisbrod and Reno (1) observed that per every billion dollars spent in investment activities in the US public transportation, approximately 24,000 jobs are supported annually. Public transportation operations are in addition significant sources of employment. These employment opportunities include management, operations, and maintenance of vehicles and facilities. The analysis conducted by Weisbrod and Reno (1) elaborate that for every billion dollars spent on public transportation operations in the US, around 41,000 jobs are supported annually. Moreover, the US public transportation sector helps to create jobs for individuals, or in industries inv olved in providing services such as repairs and car wash. On average, Weisbrod and Reno (1) observed that per every $ billion invested in public transportation sector in US, approximately 36,000 jobs are supported directly or indirectly annually. Investments in public transportation generate wages for employees working in the sector, in addition to individuals working in related sectors. An increase in investment in the sector results in an increase in public transportation spending, leading to employment of persons to fill the new created jobs (United States Department of Transportation, 2). This creates an opportunity for unemployed persons to earn income. The analysis conducted by Weisbrod and Reno (1) indicate that $1 billion investments in the public transportation sector in US results to $1.6 billion increase

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 48

English - Essay Example Then it gives a list of the site’s contents that also is the steps that you need to take to write a paper. These steps are decide on a topic, prepare an outline or diagram of your ideas, write your thesis statement, write the body with subheadings on how to do that, write the introduction, write the conclusion and add the finishing touches. This site is intended for ESL learners to help them improve their reading skills, but it can be used by native speakers who want help, too. The site offers several famous texts that you can read through to practice reading skills. What makes this better from just reading by yourself is that these are followed by vocabulary lists, vocabulary quizzes, comprehension quizzes and comments. It also makes graded papers available so that users can see where students have made their mistakes. This helps to make the uses of English understandable. This site is a grouping of lessons related to English grammar. There are six major sections. These are titled word and sentence level, paragraph level, essay and research paper level, ask grammar/search devices, peripherals and power points and grammarpoll/awards. Each section has a list of submenus that are appropriate to the main menu and are all designed to help users learn better

Performance Measure of PCA and DCT for Images

Performance Measure of PCA and DCT for Images Generally, in Image Processing the transformation is the basic technique that we apply in order to study the characteristics of the Image under scan. Under this process here we present a method in which we are analyzing the performance of the two methods namely, PCA and DCT. In this thesis we are going to analyze the system by first training the set for particular no. Of images and then analyzing the performance for the two methods by calculating the error in this two methods. This thesis referred and tested the PCA and DCT transformation techniques. PCA is a technique which involves a procedure which mathematically transforms number of probably related parameters into smaller number of parameters whose values dont change called principal components. The primary principal component accounts for much variability in the data, and each succeeding component accounts for much of the remaining variability. Depending on the application field, it is also called the separate Karhunen-Loà ¨ve transform (KLT), the Hotelling transform or proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). DCT expresses a series of finitely many data points in terms of a sum of cosine functions oscillating at different frequencies. Transformations are important to numerous applications in science and engineering, from lossy compression of audio and images (where small high-frequency components can be discarded), to spectral methods for the numerical solution of partial differential equations. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Over the past few years, several face recognition systems have been proposed based on principal components analysis (PCA) [14, 8, 13, 15, 1, 10, 16, 6]. Although the details vary, these systems can all be described in terms of the same preprocessing and run-time steps. During preprocessing, they register a gallery of m training images to each other and unroll each image into a vector of n pixel values. Next, the mean image for the gallery is subtracted from each  and the resulting centered images are placed in a gallery matrix M. Element [i; j] of M is the ith pixel from the jth image. A covariance matrix W = MMT characterizes the distribution of the m images in Ân. A subset of the Eigenvectors of W are used as the basis vectors for a subspace in which to compare gallery and novel probe images. When sorted by decreasing Eigenvalue, the full set of unit length Eigenvectors represent an orthonormal basis where the first direction corresponds to the direction of maximum variance i n the images, the second the next largest variance, etc. These basis vectors are the Principle Components of the gallery images. Once the Eigenspace is computed, the centered gallery images are projected into this subspace. At run-time, recognition is accomplished by projecting a centered  probe image into the subspace and the nearest gallery image to the probe image is selected as its match. There are many differences in the systems referenced. Some systems assume that the images are registered prior to face recognition [15, 10, 11, 16]; among the rest, a variety of techniques are used to identify facial features and register them to each other. Different systems may use different distance measures when matching probe images to the nearest gallery image. Different systems select different numbers of Eigenvectors (usually those corresponding to the largest k Eigenvalues) in order to compress the data and to improve accuracy by eliminating Eigenvectors corresponding to noise rather than meaningful variation. To help evaluate and compare individual steps of the face recognition process, Moon and Phillips created the FERET face database, and performed initial comparisons of some common distance measures for otherwise identical systems [10, 11, 9]. This paper extends their work, presenting further comparisons of distance measures over the FERET database and examining alternative way of selecting subsets of Eigenvectors. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most successful techniques that have been used in image recognition and compression. PCA is a statistical method under the broad title of factor analysis. The purpose of PCA is to reduce the large dimensionality of the data space (observed variables) to the smaller intrinsic dimensionality of feature space (independent variables), which are needed to describe the data economically. This is the case when there is a strong correlation between observed variables. The jobs which PCA can do are pred iction, redundancy removal, feature extraction, data compression, etc. Because PCA is a classical technique which can do something in the linear domain, applications having linear models are suitable, such as signal processing, image processing, system and control theory, communications, etc. Face recognition has many applicable areas. Moreover, it can be categorized into face identification, face classification, or sex determination. The most useful applications contain crowd surveillance, video content indexing, personal identification (ex. drivers license), mug shots matching, entrance security, etc. The main idea of using PCA for face recognition is to express the large 1-D vector of pixels constructed from 2-D facial image into the compact principal components of the feature space. This can be called eigen space projection. Eigen space is calculated by identifying the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix derived from a set of facial images(vectors). The details are described i n the following section. PCA computes the basis of a space which is represented by its training vectors. These basis vectors, actually eigenvectors, computed by PCA are in the direction of the largest variance of the training vectors. As it has been said earlier, we call them eigenfaces. Each eigenface can be viewed a feature. When a particular face is projected onto the face space, its vector into the face space describe the importance of each of those features in the face. The face is expressed in the face space by its eigenface coefficients (or weights). We can handle a large input vector, facial image, only by taking its small weight vector in the face space. This means that we can reconstruct the original face with some error, since the dimensionality of the image space is much larger than that of face space. A face recognition system using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm. Automatic face recognition systems try to find the identity of a given face image according to their memory. The memory of a face recognizer is generally simulated by a training set. In this project, our training set consists of the features extracted from known face images of different persons. Thus, the task of the face recognizer is to find the most similar feature vector among the training set to the feature vector of a given test image. Here, we want to recognize the identity of a person where an image of that person (test image) is given to the system. You will use PCA as a feature extraction algorithm in this project. In the training phase, you should extract feature vectors for each image in the training set. Let  ­A be a training image of person A which has a pixel resolution of M  £ N (M rows, N columns). In order to extract PCA features of  ­A, you will first convert the image into a pixel vector à A by concatenating each of the M rows into a single vector. The length (or, dimensionality) of the vector à A will be M  £N. In this project, you will use the PCA algorithm as a dimensionality reduction technique which transforms the vector à A to a vector !A which has a imensionality d where d  ¿ M  £ N. For each training image  ­i, you should calculate and store these feature vectors !i. In the recognition phase (or, testing phase), you will be given a test image  ­j of a known person. Let  ®j be the identity (name) of this person. As in the training phase, you should compute the feature vector of this person using PCA and obtain !j . In order to identify  ­j , you should compute the similarities between !j and all of the feature vectors !is in the training set. The similarity between feature vectors can be computed using Euclidean distance. The identity of the most similar !i will be the output of our face recogn izer. If i = j, it means that we have correctly identified the person j, otherwise if i 6= j, it means that we have misclassified the person j. 1.2 Thesis structure: This thesis work is divided into five chapters as follows. Chapter 1: Introduction This introductory chapter is briefly explains the procedure of transformation in the Face Recognition and its applications. And here we explained the scope of this research. And finally it gives the structure of the thesis for friendly usage. Chapter 2: Basis of Transformation Techniques. This chapter gives an introduction to the Transformation techniques. In this chapter we have introduced two transformation techniques for which we are going to perform the analysis and result are used for face recognition purpose Chapter 3: Discrete Cosine Transformation In this chapter we have continued the part from chapter 2 about transformations. In this other method ie., DCT is introduced and analysis is done Chapter 4: Implementation and results This chapter presents the simulated results of the face recognition analysis using MATLAB. And it gives the explanation for each and every step of the design of face recognition analysis and it gives the tested results of the transformation algorithms. Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future work This is the final chapter in this thesis. Here, we conclude our research and discussed about the achieved results of this research work and suggested future work for this research. CHAPTER 2 BASICs of Image Transform Techniques 2.1 Introduction: Now a days Image Processing has been gained so much of importance that in every field of science we apply image processing for the purpose of security as well as increasing demand for it. Here we apply two different transformation techniques in order study the performance which will be helpful in the detection purpose. The computation of the performance of the image given for testing is performed in two steps: PCA (Principal Component Analysis) DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) 2.2 Principal Component Analysis: PCA is a technique which involves a procedure which mathematically transforms number of possibly correlated variables into smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components. The first principal component accounts for much variability in the data, and each succeeding component accounts for much of the remaining variability. Depending on the application field, it is also called the discrete Karhunen-Loà ¨ve transform (KLT), the Hotelling transform or proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). Now PCA is mostly used as a tool in exploration of data analysis and for making prognostic models. PCA also involves calculation for the Eigen value decomposition of a data covariance matrix or singular value decomposition of a data matrix, usually after mean centring the data from each attribute. The results of this analysis technique are usually shown in terms of component scores and also as loadings. PCA is real Eigen based multivariate analysis. Its action can be termed in terms of as edifying the inner arrangement of the data in a shape which give details of the mean and variance in the data. If there is any multivariate data then its visualized as a set if coordinates in a multi dimensional data space, this algorithm allows the users having pictures with a lower aspect reveal a shadow of object in view from a higher aspect view which reveals the true informative nature of the object. PCA is very closely related to aspect analysis, some statistical software packages purposely conflict the two techniques. True aspect analysis makes different assumptions about the original configuration and then solves eigenvectors of a little different medium. 2.2.1 PCA Implementation: PCA is mathematically defined as an orthogonal linear transformation technique that transforms data to a new coordinate system, such that the greatest variance from any projection of data comes to lie on the first coordinate, the second greatest variance on the second coordinate, and so on. PCA is theoretically the optimum transform technique for given data in least square terms. For a data matrix, XT, with zero empirical mean ie., the empirical mean of the distribution has been subtracted from the data set, where each row represents a different repetition of the experiment, and each column gives the results from a particular probe, the PCA transformation is given by: Where the matrix ÃŽÂ £ is an m-by-n diagonal matrix, where diagonal elements ae non-negative and W  ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ £Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  VT is the singular value decomposition of  X. Given a set of points in Euclidean space, the first principal component part corresponds to the line that passes through the mean and minimizes the sum of squared errors with those points. The second principal component corresponds to the same part after all the correlation terms with the first principal component has been subtracted from the points. Each Eigen value indicates the part of the variance ie., correlated with each eigenvector. Thus, the sum of all the Eigen values is equal to the sum of squared distance of the points with their mean divided by the number of dimensions. PCA rotates the set of points around its mean in order to align it with the first few principal components. This moves as much of the variance as possible into the first few dimensions. The values in the remaining dimensions tend to be very highly correlated and may be dropped with minimal loss of information. PCA is used for dimensionality reduction. PCA is optimal linear transformation technique for keep ing the subspace which has largest variance. This advantage comes with the price of greater computational requirement. In discrete cosine transform, Non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques tend to be more computationally demanding in comparison with PCA. Mean subtraction is necessary in performing PCA to ensure that the first principal component describes the direction of maximum variance. If mean subtraction is not performed, the first principal component will instead correspond to the mean of the data. A mean of zero is needed for finding a basis that minimizes the mean square error of the approximation of the data. Assuming zero empirical mean (the empirical mean of the distribution has been subtracted from the data set), the principal component w1 of a data set x can be defined as: With the first k  Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  1 component, the kth component can be found by subtracting the first k à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 principal components from x: and by substituting this as the new data set to find a principal component in The other transform is therefore equivalent to finding the singular value decomposition of the data matrix X, and then obtaining the space data matrix Y by projecting X down into the reduced space defined by only the first L singular vectors, WL: The matrix W of singular vectors of X is equivalently the matrix W of eigenvectors of the matrix of observed covariances C = X XT, The eigenvectors with the highest eigen values correspond to the dimensions that have the strongest correlation in the data set (see Rayleigh quotient). PCA is equivalent to empirical orthogonal functions (EOF), a name which is used in meteorology. An auto-encoder neural network with a linear hidden layer is similar to PCA. Upon convergence, the weight vectors of the K neurons in the hidden layer will form a basis for the space spanned by the first K principal components. Unlike PCA, this technique will not necessarily produce orthogonal vectors. PCA is a popular primary technique in pattern recognition. But its not optimized for class separability. An alternative is the linear discriminant analysis, which does take this into account. 2.2.2 PCA Properties and Limitations PCA is theoretically the optimal linear scheme, in terms of least mean square error, for compressing a set of high dimensional vectors into a set of lower dimensional vectors and then reconstructing the original set. It is a non-parametric analysis and the answer is unique and independent of any hypothesis about data probability distribution. However, the latter two properties are regarded as weakness as well as strength, in that being non-parametric, no prior knowledge can be incorporated and that PCA compressions often incur loss of information. The applicability of PCA is limited by the assumptions[5] made in its derivation. These assumptions are: We assumed the observed data set to be linear combinations of certain basis. Non-linear methods such as kernel PCA have been developed without assuming linearity. PCA uses the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix and it only finds the independent axes of the data under the Gaussian assumption. For non-Gaussian or multi-modal Gaussian data, PCA simply de-correlates the axes. When PCA is used for clustering, its main limitation is that it does not account for class separability since it makes no use of the class label of the feature vector. There is no guarantee that the directions of maximum variance will contain good features for discrimination. PCA simply performs a coordinate rotation that aligns the transformed axes with the directions of maximum variance. It is only when we believe that the observed data has a high signal-to-noise ratio that the principal components with larger variance correspond to interesting dynamics and lower ones correspond to noise. 2.2.3 Computing PCA with covariance method Following is a detailed description of PCA using the covariance method . The goal is to transform a given data set X of dimension M to an alternative data set Y of smaller dimension L. Equivalently; we are seeking to find the matrix Y, where Y is the KLT of matrix X: Organize the data set Suppose you have data comprising a set of observations of M variables, and you want to reduce the data so that each observation can be described with only L variables, L Write as column vectors, each of which has M rows. Place the column vectors into a single matrix X of dimensions M ÃÆ'- N. Calculate the empirical mean Find the empirical mean along each dimension m = 1,  ,  M. Place the calculated mean values into an empirical mean vector u of dimensions M ÃÆ'- 1. Calculate the deviations from the mean Mean subtraction is an integral part of the solution towards finding a principal component basis that minimizes the mean square error of approximating the data. Hence we proceed by centering the data as follows: Subtract the empirical mean vector u from each column of the data matrix X. Store mean-subtracted data in the M ÃÆ'- N matrix B. where h is a 1  ÃƒÆ'-  N row vector of all  1s: Find the covariance matrix Find the M ÃÆ'- M empirical covariance matrix C from the outer product of matrix B with itself: where is the expected value operator, is the outer product operator, and is the conjugate transpose operator. Please note that the information in this section is indeed a bit fuzzy. Outer products apply to vectors, for tensor cases we should apply tensor products, but the covariance matrix in PCA, is a sum of outer products between its sample vectors, indeed it could be represented as B.B*. See the covariance matrix sections on the discussion page for more information. Find the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the covariance matrix Compute the matrix V of eigenvectors which diagonalizes the covariance matrix C: where D is the diagonal matrix of eigenvalues of C. This step will typically involve the use of a computer-based algorithm for computing eigenvectors and eigenvalues. These algorithms are readily available as sub-components of most matrix algebra systems, such as MATLAB[7][8], Mathematica[9], SciPy, IDL(Interactive Data Language), or GNU Octave as well as OpenCV. Matrix D will take the form of an M ÃÆ'- M diagonal matrix, where is the mth eigenvalue of the covariance matrix C, and Matrix V, also of dimension M ÃÆ'- M, contains M column vectors, each of length M, which represent the M eigenvectors of the covariance matrix C. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors are ordered and paired. The mth eigenvalue corresponds to the mth eigenvector. Rearrange the eigenvectors and eigenvalues Sort the columns of the eigenvector matrix V and eigenvalue matrix D in order of decreasing eigenvalue. Make sure to maintain the correct pairings between the columns in each matrix. Compute the cumulative energy content for each eigenvector The eigenvalues represent the distribution of the source datas energy among each of the eigenvectors, where the eigenvectors form a basis for the data. The cumulative energy content g for the mth eigenvector is the sum of the energy content across all of the eigenvalues from 1 through m: Select a subset of the eigenvectors as basis vectors Save the first L columns of V as the M ÃÆ'- L matrix W: where Use the vector g as a guide in choosing an appropriate value for L. The goal is to choose a value of L as small as possible while achieving a reasonably high value of g on a percentage basis. For example, you may want to choose L so that the cumulative energy g is above a certain threshold, like 90 percent. In this case, choose the smallest value of L such that Convert the source data to z-scores Create an M ÃÆ'- 1 empirical standard deviation vector s from the square root of each element along the main diagonal of the covariance matrix C: Calculate the M ÃÆ'- N z-score matrix: (divide element-by-element) Note: While this step is useful for various applications as it normalizes the data set with respect to its variance, it is not integral part of PCA/KLT! Project the z-scores of the data onto the new basis The projected vectors are the columns of the matrix W* is the conjugate transpose of the eigenvector matrix. The columns of matrix Y represent the Karhunen-Loeve transforms (KLT) of the data vectors in the columns of matrix  X. 2.2.4 PCA Derivation Let X be a d-dimensional random vector expressed as column vector. Without loss of generality, assume X has zero mean. We want to find a Orthonormal transformation matrix P such that with the constraint that is a diagonal matrix and By substitution, and matrix algebra, we obtain: We now have: Rewrite P as d column vectors, so and as: Substituting into equation above, we obtain: Notice that in , Pi is an eigenvector of the covariance matrix of X. Therefore, by finding the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix of X, we find a projection matrix P that satisfies the original constraints. CHAPTER 3 DISCRETE Cosine transform 3.1 Introduction: A discrete cosine transform (DCT) expresses a sequence of finitely many data points in terms of a sum of cosine functions oscillating at different frequencies. DCTs are important to numerous applications in engineering, from lossy compression of audio and images, to spectral methods for the numerical solution of partial differential equations. The use of cosine rather than sine functions is critical in these applications: for compression, it turns out that cosine functions are much more efficient, whereas for differential equations the cosines express a particular choice of boundary conditions. In particular, a DCT is a Fourier-related transform similar to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), but using only real numbers. DCTs are equivalent to DFTs of roughly twice the length, operating on real data with even symmetry (since the Fourier transform of a real and even function is real and even), where in some variants the input and/or output data are shifted by half a sample. There are eight standard DCT variants, of which four are common. The most common variant of discrete cosine transform is the type-II DCT, which is often called simply the DCT; its inverse, the type-III DCT, is correspondingly often called simply the inverse DCT or the IDCT. Two related transforms are the discrete sine transforms (DST), which is equivalent to a DFT of real and odd functions, and the modified discrete cosine transforms (MDCT), which is based on a DCT of overlapping data. 3.2 DCT forms: Formally, the discrete cosine transform is a linear, invertible function F  : RN -> RN, or equivalently an invertible N ÃÆ'- N square matrix. There are several variants of the DCT with slightly modified definitions. The N real numbers x0, , xN-1 are transformed into the N real numbers X0, , XN-1 according to one of the formulas: DCT-I Some authors further multiply the x0 and xN-1 terms by à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡2, and correspondingly multiply the X0 and XN-1 terms by 1/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡2. This makes the DCT-I matrix orthogonal, if one further multiplies by an overall scale factor of , but breaks the direct correspondence with a real-even DFT. The DCT-I is exactly equivalent, to a DFT of 2N à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 2 real numbers with even symmetry. For example, a DCT-I of N=5 real numbers abcde is exactly equivalent to a DFT of eight real numbers abcdedcb, divided by two. Note, however, that the DCT-I is not defined for N less than 2. Thus, the DCT-I corresponds to the boundary conditions: xn is even around n=0 and even around n=N-1; similarly for Xk. DCT-II The DCT-II is probably the most commonly used form, and is often simply referred to as the DCT. This transform is exactly equivalent to a DFT of 4N real inputs of even symmetry where the even-indexed elements are zero. That is, it is half of the DFT of the 4N inputs yn, where y2n = 0, y2n + 1 = xn for , and y4N à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ n = yn for 0 Some authors further multiply the X0 term by 1/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡2 and multiply the resulting matrix by an overall scale factor of . This makes the DCT-II matrix orthogonal, but breaks the direct correspondence with a real-even DFT of half-shifted input. The DCT-II implies the boundary conditions: xn is even around n=-1/2 and even around n=N-1/2; Xk is even around k=0 and odd around k=N. DCT-III Because it is the inverse of DCT-II (up to a scale factor, see below), this form is sometimes simply referred to as the inverse DCT (IDCT). Some authors further multiply the x0 term by à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡2 and multiply the resulting matrix by an overall scale factor of , so that the DCT-II and DCT-III are transposes of one another. This makes the DCT-III matrix orthogonal, but breaks the direct correspondence with a real-even DFT of half-shifted output. The DCT-III implies the boundary conditions: xn is even around n=0 and odd around n=N; Xk is even around k=-1/2 and even around k=N-1/2. DCT-IV The DCT-IV matrix becomes orthogonal if one further multiplies by an overall scale factor of . A variant of the DCT-IV, where data from different transforms are overlapped, is called the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) (Malvar, 1992). The DCT-IV implies the boundary conditions: xn is even around n=-1/2 and odd around n=N-1/2; similarly for Xk. DCT V-VIII DCT types I-IV are equivalent to real-even DFTs of even order, since the corresponding DFT is of length 2(Nà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1) (for DCT-I) or 4N (for DCT-II/III) or 8N (for DCT-VIII). In principle, there are actually four additional types of discrete cosine transform, corresponding essentially to real-even DFTs of logically odd order, which have factors of N ±Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ in the denominators of the cosine arguments. Equivalently, DCTs of types I-IV imply boundaries that are even/odd around either a data point for both boundaries or halfway between two data points for both boundaries. DCTs of types V-VIII imply boundaries that even/odd around a data point for one boundary and halfway between two data points for the other boundary. However, these variants seem to be rarely used in practice. One reason, perhaps, is that FFT algorithms for odd-length DFTs are generally more complicated than FFT algorithms for even-length DFTs (e.g. the simplest radix-2 algorithms are only for even lengths), and this increased intricacy carries over to the DCTs as described below. Inverse transforms Using the normalization conventions above, the inverse of DCT-I is DCT-I multiplied by 2/(N-1). The inverse of DCT-IV is DCT-IV multiplied by 2/N. The inverse of DCT-II is DCT-III multiplied by 2/N and vice versa. Like for the DFT, the normalization factor in front of these transform definitions is merely a convention and differs between treatments. For example, some authors multiply the transforms by so that the inverse does not require any additional multiplicative factor. Combined with appropriate factors of à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡2 (see above), this can be used to make the transform matrix orthogonal. Multidimensional DCTs Multidimensional variants of the various DCT types follow straightforwardly from the one-dimensional definitions: they are simply a separable product (equivalently, a composition) of DCTs along each dimension. For example, a two-dimensional DCT-II of an image or a matrix is simply the one-dimensional DCT-II, from above, performed along the rows and then along the columns (or vice versa). That is, the 2d DCT-II is given by the formula (omitting normalization and other scale factors, as above): Two-dimensional DCT frequencies Technically, computing a two- (or multi-) dimensional DCT by sequences of one-dimensional DCTs along each dimension is known as a row-column algorithm. As with multidimensional FFT algorithms, however, there exist other methods to compute the same thing while performing the computations in a different order. The inverse of a multi-dimensional DCT is just a separable product of the inverse(s) of the corresponding one-dimensional DCT(s), e.g. the one-dimensional inverses applied along one dimension at a time in a row-column algorithm. The image to the right shows combination of horizontal and vertical frequencies for an 8 x 8 (N1 = N2 = 8) two-dimensional DCT. Each step from left to right and top to bottom is an increase in frequency by 1/2 cycle. For example, moving right one from the top-left square yields a half-cycle increase in the horizontal frequency. Another move to the right yields two half-cycles. A move down yields two half-cycles horizontally and a half-cycle vertically. The source data (88) is transformed to a linear combination of these 64 frequency squares. Chapter 4 IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS 4.1 Introduction: In previous chapters (chapter 2 and chapter 3), we get the theoretical knowledge about the Principal Component Analysis and Discrete Cosine Transform. In our thesis work we have seen the analysis of both transform. To execute these tasks we chosen a platform called MATLAB, stands for matrix laboratory. It is an efficient language for Digital image processing. The image processing toolbox in MATLAB is a collection of different MATAB functions that extend the capability of the MATLAB environment for the solution of digital image processing problems. [13] 4.2 Practical implementation of Performance analysis: As discussed earlier we are going to perform analysis for the two transform methods, to the images as, <